Introduction:

This is the second year out of my two year course studying media, it has enabled me to learn how to enhance my ideas and skills and put them into practice through producing my own content, however before doing so I have to study and analyse codes and conventions of different medias, whether that's a radio bulletin (as it was in the first year), a news paper or in this case a documentary. Through studying media and analysing the production of media I have learned how to develop my ideas and make them original, whether that's through cinematic shots and time-lapses or through simply editing a local radio bulletin.
This year I must produce a documentary about a place or person, and in order to do so I must work in a group which consists of 3 members, myself, Walid Obad and Dominic Magli, This year we will be using a wide range of programmes such as 'audacity' and 'final cut pro X', 'audacity' will allow us to edit our audio and use tools to enhance the quality of the audio we capture for our documentary, whereas 'final cut pro X' will allow us to edit footage captured.

Primary research:



Genesis Cinema

1.0 - Visiting the East End Film Festival

An event called 'The mess we're in' took place on the 29th of June - a short film festival which consisted of 9 short documentaries.
These documentaries were based on modern arts, pop culture and gender stereotypes. From visiting the festival I was able to learn about how different genders are perceived in documentaries. Furthermore the festival taught me that there are different ways in which you're able to deliver the same message through documentaries by using different techniques, techniques which I am able to use in my own documentary in order to produce a high quality production.

This was one of the nine films shown throughout the festival. 'Afrobeats' which was directed by Will Web. The film is based on three hipster friends with a white ethnicity which were planning to create a gig in London promoting Afrobeats. However two out of the group were discussing on the stereotypes linked to Afrobeats and the culture in which Afrobeats originates from; they thought that it would be good to have a black African with them, whereas the third friend thought that it was unnecessary. The film can come across to be humorous and ironic due to the fact that the two friends (that questioned whether or not they needed a black African to be the image of the gig) would often call the third friend a racist for his inputs when in reality it was the opposite. Later in the film once the event has been organised a character by the name of Eddie (a character with a black ethnicity) this character then hands a punk festival leaflet to the third friend, this again is an example of irony within the movie.
Race and Culture is a common representation within this movie, the main characters are unaware of their background and instead they move from identity to identity which creates an aspect of humor in the documentary.

Production of Afrobeats.

The film is appealing to young adults due to the humor throughout the film which may not be the same style to the older generation, this is because the film could potentially come across as though it is offensive due to the stereotypes and racist-related attitudes. I enjoyed this film due to the humour as well as the fact that it goes against common expectations that are related to music - such as that a race has a specific style of music in which they enjoy whereas you can see in the film that white hipsters are involved in a Afrobeats gig and a black man in a punk gig.

NippleJesus.

This is a film based on a bouncer's role to guard a piece of art, assuming that it would be as easy as being a typical nightclub bouncer, however he soon understand that it is just as difficult. The bouncer had recently transferred from being a bouncer to being a security guard. Whilst working as a bouncer a woman's purse had been robbed from her during her wait in the queue; he decided to chase the thief and ended up being stabbed which is why he became a security guard.
Having switched jobs to a security guard he faced different challenges protecting what was required of him. He was put to the test by a Facebook user, with the screen name 'Silver Fox'. This user wanted to destroy the piece of art that the bouncer (or guard) had to protect, Silver Fox managed to destroy the piece and therefore the bouncer thought that that would have cost him his job. However you find out that the artist Siobhan wanted the artwork to be destroyed in order for the artwork to be completed.

Bouncer from NippleJesus.

This film shows the dangers which the bouncer faced regardless of what job he was involved in, whether that was guarding the nightclub or the
artwork. This then gives then allows the audience to relate to this as they face dangers and challenges throughout their day to day routine regardless of what job they may have, The genre of this short film is drama due to the honest representation of his life and struggles as a bouncer. Also in addition to this it contains a form of emotional connection with the protagonist as it not only shows his professional life but also his life at home with family.

Research and Planning 

Difference in data acquired - Qualitative and quantitative data:

Qualitative date is data in the form of writing, for example data that you find in books or newspapers, whereas Quantitative data is data in the form of figures for example data found based on the amount of listens views etc. 

There are advantages and disadvantages to both Qualitative and Quantitative data. One advantage to Qualitative data is that it provides you in-depth or a detailed source, this means that you are more likely to find the answer that you are looking for (obtain good results from your research). However the disadvantage of Qualitative data is that it can b often be based on different opinions or interpretations therefore you could find yourself using biased or subjective data to a certain extent. Unlike Qualitative data - Quantitative data provides you with factual figures which you can draw your conclusion from, however it unlike Qualitative does not offer a in-depth or detailed set of data for your research. 

Research methods:

In order to create documentary you must research the codes and conventions that makes a documentary and use it in order to create a professional and entertaining for the audience. In order to make sure that we get the best results we had to go beyond just the use of Google and YouTube, instead we used Google Scholar and DuckDuckGo these are alternatives which do not use programs such as 'Filter bubble' nor does it use 'cookies' in order to predict and adjust your searches to previous interests; I also used BBC Iplayer and Short of the Week, in order to watch documentaries and analyse the use of codes and conventions.

One of my research methods was through using the search engine Google Scholar, Google scholar is better than using the normal Google as it provides unfiltered results which means that the results are based on exactly what you looked for and not a reflection of previous types of websites or previous searches.

This meant that I was to research into the genre of Documentary.

Unlike Google DuckDuckGo doesn't use 'cookies' nor the use the program 'filter bubble' this means that when you search on Google they attempt to predict what you're going trying to search, however with DuckDuckGo you can search for things without this happening therefore you're able to search for something and attain unfiltered results which means that you get what you search for whereas Google you often get results based on your previous interests.

In order to search into the codes and conventions of a documentary I used BBC Iplayer, this meant that I could watch various documentaries and spot codes and conventions such as different types of shots such as time-lapses and pan shots.
Also by using BBC Iplayer I was able to research into the different styles within the genre of documentaries as it allows to search in Crimes, History etc.

After having researched into the codes and conventions of a documentary i began to research short films, as we have to create a five-minute documentary I wanted to see how to include all of the codes and conventions of a documentary whilst being able to keep it short and professional. This website provided me with award winning short films which I was able to analyse and go onto include the same methods in my documentary.

Research:

Narrative:

The narrative is the concept of how the story is put together from the beginning through to the end. Through the use of narrative you are able to decide the way in which the documentary is put together regardless of the chronological order in which it was filmed, in addition to this you are also able to use the narrative in order to place footage from two different events together. When discussing the  narrative there are two axis that must be considered the syntagmatic and paradigmatic. The syntagmatic axis refers to the footage that is placed according to the story (the narrative) rather than according to the order in which the footage was captured. In contrast to this, the paradigmatic axis is the reason as to why the footage is placed as it is, this allows the film maker to see how the footage they have placed relates to the narrative.

Kaufman and Sternberg - Three points of creativity.

James C Kaufman

Robert Sternberg

The Three Points of                                        -       Creativity      -












James C Kaufman is a professor in educational psychology at the university of Connecticut. Robert Sternberg is a psychologists, which teaches Human Development at the University of Cornell. The traditional meaning of creativity is the use of imagination or original ideas to create something; inventiveness. Kaufman and Sternberg suggested that there are three aspects to creativity.

• Novelty
• Quality 
• Relevance   

Novelty is achieved through new, original, exclusive and creativeness to a certain idea. Quality refers to the product and how it relates to the purpose of it, and furthermore how well it has been done. Lastly Relevance, this is to do with the relevance of the product to the target audience.

What makes a documentary?

Meaning of a Documentary:

A factual film, television or radio show that is based on true events and consists of footage or pictures of those whom were involved in real events. They must be based around official documents or must consists them.

Codes and Conventions:

Realism:

This is by basing the documentary completely around the main character, this is in order to recreate the real moment for the audience and make them feel as though they are present in that moment.

Interviews:

Interviews involving the main character allows us to hear the story first hand and see the true perspective of a certain event, whereas when you do not have an interview with the main character everything said is argued to be hear-say and therefore it takes away the authenticity of the documentary to an extent, however in certain cases for example if the person that the documentary is based on there may not be an interview therefore the next best option would be relatives in order for you hear it from those whom were present.

Footage and Pictures:

Footage and Pictures is usually raw content which have not been edited therefore providing authenticity to the documentary as everything that is being shown are official records of that person or event. Furthermore footage and pictures is a form of visual proof to either show the moment or to show the real person speaking in first person about themselves or the event in which the documentary is based around.

Voice overs:

Voice overs can be used differently, you are able to create a interview using voice overs, or you are able to use them in order to tell the story as the audience is shown footage of the real events (in many times there will be parts of actual

Secondary Research - Documentary film Makers:

Edward Mirzoeff  - To the Worlds End.

Edward Mirzoeff was born on April 11, 1936 in London, England. He is a producer and director, known for Forty Minutes (1981), Elizabeth R (1992) and Facing the Music: The Return of Torvill and Dean (1994). The forty minute series became popular incredibly quick due to the fact that a documentary episode could be based on anything as long as it was forty minutes long, this created an anticipation behind every episode due to the fact that the audience didn't know what the topic would be.

Elizabeth R is also a very recognizable documentary of Edward Mirzoeff's, it has been recognized as the second most approved documentary by the Royal Family and often seen to be his best documentary after having been rated 8.6/10 by IMDb. Edward Mirzoeff is widely known for his off-screen documentary style, this is when his voice is used to interview characters whilst he is not actually shown in any of shots.
His 'To The World's End' Documentary is based on buses and their routes, specifically the 31 bus routes in 1984, it shows the different communities and areas that the route had to go through. The documentary shows families from different cultures and origins, this is used to show that despite the 31 being a single bus route is goes through communities which consists of multi-culture. The documentary ultimately has the purpose to shows the different classes in the area of West and North-West London, it also shows the diversity in cultures as well as social classes present in London.

This is the poster connected to the documentary. Its a plain image with the 31 in focus, the simplicity of the poster makes sure that the purpose of the documentary is clear. Also due to the retro-styled image featuring the old 31 relates to the old route which it took in 1985.

Werner Herzog - The Grizzly Man.

Werner Herzog was born on the 5th September 1942, he is a director, writer and producer. 

Werner Herzog directed  the 'Grizzly Man', this is one of his most critically acclaimed documentaries; released in 2005, it gives you a detailed outline on Timmy Tredwell's  life, the documentary is based on his life as an animal lover - specifically a bear-enthusiast, naturalist and a documentary filmmaker.

The documentary shows the lead up to his tragic death in 2003 and the aftermath of his death.

The genre of this documentary is a biographical and nature documentary. Throughout the documentary you are able to see Timmy Treadwell in the wild in order to study these grizzly bears that he had a particular interest in, it shows us his background in the wild and how this obsession came to be.

The documentary includes interviews conducted by Werner Herzog both on and off screen, in addition to this it involves one of the techniques that Werner Herzog is widely known for - giving his personal input of opinions throughout an interview. Throughout the documentary you are able to spot Werner Herzog do this, an example of this is when he is played an audio captured by Timmy himself when he was being attacked by the grizzly bear which tragically killed him; Herzog tells Timmy's ex-girlfriend that she should destroy the file and never listen to it again. 

The purpose of this documentary is to tell the story of Timmy Treadwell and not the story of his obsession of bears, Herzog was particularly interested on Timmy's personality and had a huge interest in his films of himself living among these bears and his plans of what he would go onto film with these bears.

The documentary's representation looks into the character of Timmy Treadwell, it develops from him being an extremely childish character in the wild, to an understandable behaviour from having looked deeper into his upbringing and the reason for this behaviour.

This is the Grizzly Man's documentary poster, in which it shows the character of Timmy Treadwell and the fierce Grizzly bear. The poster relates to the content of the documentary as it relates to the calmness Timmy had around these creatures, however it shows you a clear image to show the immensity and strength of the bear and therefore show that despite knowing how to deal with them they are still incredibly dangerous. You are able to say that the poster foreshadows Timmy's death as it shows the bears attitude towards Timmy's approach.

Research: How to film a documentary?

After having conducted research into the codes and conventions of a documentary i had to begin planning my documentary and in order to do so i would have to consider things such as professionalism and different techniques in order to create an entertaining documentary and one that includes the codes and conventions of a documentary.
I used the search engine Youtube.com in order to research how to create a documentary style video, I came across a video posted by The Slanted Lens, in this video it will teach me how to conduct a documentary interview.

One of the first things outlined in regards to the production of a documentary is the size of the team, in this case we learn that the usual number of people involved in the production of a documentary interview is a team of three or two; this prevents the shooting space from becoming cramped and therefore allows the interviewee to be more comfortable. This is something that we must take on board when shooting our own documentary - the delegation of roles in the production of the documentary, for example who will be involved in filming a certain scene this is in order to not only obtain the best footage possible but also in order to be time-efficient, while one team films a scene the other can film or work on another part of the documentary as it is not needed for four of us to conduct one interview.

Before starting a product he:

• Creates an outlines involving the main points which is needed throughout the interview, this means that the focus on the specifics required before elaborating.
• Create questions that is relevant to the main points which he has already listed, this means that he is able to conduct an in-depth interview whilst ensuring that he is focused on the important points of the interview.
• Finding the perfect place to shoot the interview, this is the second most important part of filming the interview after the interviewee himself. If the space used to film the documentary is not relevant then it must be out of focused and the interviewee is the only point of focus.
• Sets up two different cameras. One which is a wide-medium shot and One which is set up as a close-up shot and let both run simultaneously. Both cameras must be placed accordingly to where you want the subject to face.
• Lighting set-up must be in place if necessary, however depending on the shot you may not need it therefore you must access where you will need equipment.
• Like the lighting i must make sure that there are microphones set up to make sure that you have clear audio.
• Make sure that you have coverage of everything your subject is gong to talk about therefore you are able to make the piece as interesting as possible.

Documentaries Analysis

In order to be able to create our documentary we had to carry out research into what makes a documentary and what in necessary to create a professional production. This means that we must be able to pick up different codes and conventions of documentaries and use those codes and conventions to create our own five minute production. Through analysing these documentaries we are able to develop our understanding of what makes a good documentary and what techniques are used in order to enhance your production.

Documentaries Analysis 1.0 - Man Under - A film by Paul Stone.

Man Under is a personal journey of one MTA motorman's struggle to get his life back after a woman turns his train
into a means for her suicide.

Time Lapse: 4:35 - 4:43

Time lapses can be used to set different atmospheres or moods, in this case there's a 8 second time lapse which shows a series of cars and trains passing along with time. The time lapse is also effective for setting the mood of the documentary as it shows the daily routine being carried out while the are many problems people encounter; at the beginning of the documentary you learn that on average there are three incidents where people are struck by a train in New York city alone.
This time lapse is used to show the rush in the city and people going about with their lives whereas the MTA Motorman is struggling to get back to his life before someone used his train to suicide, therefore it makes the audience feel sympathy for the driver as it sets a depressing mood by showing how the day goes on and while same problems occurs every week.

This documentary recreates the story of a professional athlete to show the struggles in the build up to becoming pro.
This also links to many of the typical stereotypes that connects sports as a way out of poverty for many people.

 

Recreating actual events 

Recreating and event can be used for many different effects, in this case by recreating scenes of his hard work and overlapping them with actual footage of what he achieve is used as motivational purposes. In this documentary the voice over allows the audience to relate to what is being said regardless of whether or not they are in the same position as it comments on choices that you have - whether you fail or succeed and what it takes to achieve success, therefore by recreating these events they are able to see how the handwork he put into practicing and that led to him being drafted by one of the biggest NFL Clubs. The recreating of these events in first person (view) meant that we are able to see what its like to be him through his own eyes and see what it was like fall as he did in the beginning, therefore the technique is incredibly effective for making the audience relate and sympathise for him.

Planning - Story board

We used 'Story That' to create a digital storyboard which would allow us to create a draft to which would allow us to get a visual image of our ideas. This was a useful website to use as it would save us time due to the fact that we wouldn't have to put our idea onto paper and we could make decisions regarding the documentary from the storyboard.

This is a shot that we planned to film in Isaiah's back garden, we decided that it would be good to do a right-to-left interview as it would allow us to focus on Isaiah whilst having the background blurred. In this shot we will ask him questions regarding what lead him to developing his love for buses and telling us about these buses and which we his favourites. As we a trying to get as much footage as possible in order to pick and choose the best parts we asked Isaiah to give us a in-depth answer to the questions we planned to ask him.

We've also planned to have a shot of Isaiah waiting for the bus, this shot will be filmed from across the road this is as we thought it would be a good idea to show him in his usual routine so that the documentary does not seem staged. However we were not able to capture the exact shot that we were attempting to create through the website, we wanted to create a cut away shot in which we would record him getting on the bus whilst we're across the road to film the bus moving away. Our intention for this shot is a shot that we can use in various parts of the documentary - whether that's in the introduction or a cut-away shot.

This is a shot which shows us following Isaiah onto the bus like our intentions for the previous shot on the story board we wanted a shot which would show his daily routine from behind the shoulder, however this shot is meant to be used in order to interview or follow him rather than just show his routine.

This is a shot of Isaiah conducting an interview outside a bustop or bus garage, this was with the intention of Isaiah finding someone which he knew from his work experience at the bus garage in order to include a professional in the interview, if not we will try to conduct the interview featuring the bus driver inside the bus when it terminates. This will be time efficient for us as we also need to capture a certain shot that is not shown in the story board, we want to capture a shot of the bus screen showing that the bus will terminate as we hope to end our documentary by showing "this bus terminates here".

This is a time lapse shot that shows some of his favourite buses going past for example the 328 and the 187 at Chipenham road. This is hopefully going to used during as a cut away shot or a shot used in the introduction (we're not too sure yet).

Understanding audiences (A2):

Before beginning the production of our documentary we had to carry out research into our audience and understand the impact of demographics on a documentary, especially when considering the topic of the documentary.

 In order to learn about the documentaries audience I attended the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) Cinema in Trafalgar square on the third of November. There was a screening of Werner Herzog's new documentary 'Lo and Behold, the Connected World'. The documentary focused on the development of the internet and the impact the world wide web has amongst us on a day to day basis, it mentions the constant co-existence of the internet users with robots and hackers. The event allowed me to not only learn about the demographics of who attended a institute such as the ICA through

interviewing some members of the public, but by also noting the differences between the ICA and other mainstream cinemas such as Odeon or the Vue; it allowed me to note what constructed a documentary and how codes and conventions are important in the production of a documentary. Furthermore by attending this event I was able to analyse the type of institution that screened a documentary such as Lo and Behold, unlike a Mainstream cinema it was aimed at an upper-class audience, in addition to this unlike any other cinema it had a book store and a display of educational books instead of shops selling junk food in order to attain profits.

Considering that I would be taking my A2 exam in June 2017 it was important for me to watch this documentary as it not only enhanced my understanding of documentaries and how they are constructed through the use of codes and convention, but also enhanced my understanding on the continuing development of the World Wide Web - from the 20th century until now and the expected results of the Internet within the next thirty to forty years. The documentary touched upon the co-existence of robots with humans and how it is expected that by 2050 there will be robots that are able to play professional football versus the human race.

Difference between TV and Film.

One key difference between film and TV documentaries is the purpose and motivation. Film documentaries have the purpose of entertaining the audience, whereas TV documentaries are informative, it is either to inform or make the audience aware of events.

Another important aspect of film documentaries that separates film from TV documentaries is whether it is fact or fiction. Documentaries are non-fiction films and fact-based, whereas documentary-feature films often feature some form of fiction, it may be based on real people however directors are creative in terms of what is shown and may be created as it is for the sole purpose of effects.

Production is another vital aspect separating the two, the production of film documentaries are usually made with high budgets, which contrasts the small budgets from TV documentaries.
In addition to this one huge difference is that TV documentaries are not necessarily one video/episode, in fact it may come as a series, for example American Justice, this is  aodcumentary series that features on BBC however has many episodes whereas 13th a Netlix Original docmentary on has one. Another point to take into consideration is that TV documentaries can range from 26 minutes to an hour or so whereas film documentaries can be hours long, e.g OJ Simpsons documentary coming in at slightly over 7 hours.

This shows the difference between documentary and feature films .

Audience Theorists:

Stuart Hall:

Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist, he was born on the 3rd of February 1932 - and died on the 10th of February 2014.
He studied the consumption of a news item and how consumption varies according to the reader. There are three types of readers discussed in his study, the dominant reader, negotiated reader and the  oppositional reader.

Firstly, the dominant. The dominant reader is someone who accepts the news as they are presented to them, this means that the reader does not question the news and does not disagree with the story in anyway whatsoever.

Secondly, the negotiated. The negotiated reader is someone that agrees and accepts the news item, however each individual consume
the same news story in different manners, this means that some parts of the stories would be tweaked in order to best suit them; and therefore consumers would have a biased view on the story. This refers to Polysemy, this is when a text has multiple meaning according to the audiences demographics or according to different cultures.

Lastly, the oppositional reader. The oppositional reader is someone that understands the point of the story, however questions the news item. An example of an oppositional reading would be a news story reporting the dangers regarding the consumption of alcohol, an article may outline the chances of addiction and the impact on your liver and come to the conclusion that people should not drink, however as a oppositional reader, they may deconstruct the article and come to the conclusion that there are long term effects of consuming alcohol but you are able to drink with limits.

Stephen Neale:

Stephen Neale was born on the 9th of January 1958. He is a British analytic philosopher and a specialist in the philosophy of language. He has written about information, interpretation, communication and has outlined the issues between the intersection of philosophy and linguistics. 

Stephen Neale argues that pleasure is derived from 'repetition and difference'. This suggests that pleasure is not attainable without differentiation in genres. In addition to this he comments on how we have extensive expectations constantly shifting due to the stretch of genres in different directions (differences in the style or type of media within the same genre). Stephen comments on the pleasure of popular cinema is the "difference in repetition", this is where the same elements of production is orchestrated in different manners in order to increase differentiation and allow the mix of unfamiliar elements within the production of films. 

Adapting Stephen's study to our day to day lives. Stephen comments on the difference on the audiences taste in genres, and the stereotypes that are exploited by the cinema in order to maximise their customer base by using differentiation in order to be able to provide different films that attract different audiences, i.e. following the stereotype that the demographic of gender has a huge impact on the audiences preferences, for example the stereotype that men do not like the genre of romance, as you can see from the table above the count for the amount of men that are into romance varies from as low as 14 depending on the age whereas females varies from 97, furthermore in addition to this the most tolerant age group in terms of those that watches romance or romantic films is the 55+ age group reaching 59, in contrast to the females reaching 141. You are able to see this resemblance throughout the table in genres such as Classic or Horror, therefore cinemas must be able to spot this and provide a differentiation is the genres of movies in order to be successful as one genre does not pleasure everyone.

Rick Altman:

Rick Altman is a professor of Cinema and Comparative Literature at the University of Iowa. Rick Altman's theory states that there are different approaches to film genres, a semantic, syntactic and pragmatic approach.

Firstly, the Semantic approach. The semantic approach comments on visuals of a film, such as how characters are presented, through differences in clothing, expressions and dialogue; also it comments on the music and the editing decision surrounding the chosen music, for example the tempo and pitch in order to match the settings.

Secondly, the Synatic approach. The synatic approach comments on the relationship between the characters and the settings or surroundings. An example of this is the expectations we may have in genres such as romance where there is the expectation of a happy ending for the main character.

Lastly the pragmatic approach. The pragmatic approach is the consideration of the institution and the audience. This can relate to our own experience in going the Institute of contemporary arts in order to watch Lo and Behold; having previously visited mainstream cinemas were able to analyse the difference in these institutions and the reason behind the difference according to what was being screened. This is because some institutions are specialised institutions meaning that they have a reputation within academics for showing a certain genre i.e the ICA, when visiting the ICA i was able to notice that most of those in the audience was some form of academic or someone that was from a higher class.

Audience Theories:

Cultivation Theory:

Cultivation theory refers to the amount of consumption per individual and the long-term effects that has on them, with the overall belief that the more you consume television the more you 'live' in this world and it then reflects on your views of reality - i.e you begin to believe what you see on television and you begin to think its a accurate representation the real world. An example of this is through pornography, 4,392,486,680 hours of porn were streamed though pornhub alone - pornhub being thousands of websites proving free pornography; this goes onto have a huge impact on the consumers daily life, as it is scientifically proven that those whom watch porn are more sexually aroused throughout the way and therefore it shifts their attention from their priorities; also the excessive consumption of porn has a negative effect on the consumers personal experience with any form of sexual intercourse as they expect women to be able to mirror what the see pornstars do on-screen.

Through the constant consumption of television what you watch becomes a 'normal' lifestyle for you therefore you adapt your own to what you are influenced by on TV.

This is one of the major reasons why there are age ratings for television and programmes. 

Firstly because the audience must be able to consume this without being impacted negatively due to their understanding that movies and programmes are staged with a clear ending whereas in the real world is not.

Secondly, because the consumer mustn't try to replicate what is being seen on-screen negative examples of this are:

• Elliot Rodger, killed seven young men and women, including himself. He was hooked on violent video games from a young age.
• Nehemiah Griego, killed five, including his mother, father and his three younger siblings. He loved playing violent video games and even enjoyed talking about them to crime investigators.
• Anders Behring Breivik shot 68 people dead at a youth camp of the Norwegian Labor party, another nine in a bombing of government buildings According to the judgment rendered against him, he liked playing violent games. He actually used the video game Call of Duty to train for his shooting massacre.

source: http://www.charismanews.com/culture/52651-14-mass-murders-linked-to-violent-video-games.

Hypodermic Needle theory:

The hypodermic needle theory states that audiences receive information from media texts passively. This is seen through advertisements and reviews - Through watching these adverts and researching these reviews it changes the consumers opinion on the products or productions without questioning the information they're receiving. This is mainly due to the fact that they feel as those who have used the products are more likely to be un-biased however this ignores the fact that different consumers have different wants and needs therefore by reading these reviews their opinions or views are influenced.


Examples of this is seen in todays society in many forms, and example is advertisements - these convince people that what they are offering is a essential therefore making the viewer feel as though the must purchase it.

Different shots:

Over the shoulder

Extreme wide shot

Wide shot

Cutting

Extreme close up

Mid shot

This is a technique often used in an interview situation such as the one being shown in this image. It is mostly seen in the genre of documentary as interviews is one of the most important codes and conventions of a professional documentary.




This shows where the film, programme or documentary is being filmed, it gives the audience a view of the setting and allows them to see what surrounds the main topic or character of the narrative.




This is a shot that includes the topic or character of the narrative as well as the scenery, this allows the audience to get a full view of characters or subject as well as the location that they are in whereas Extreme wide shot only shows the scenery for example the city.


A cutaway shot can be used in many ways for different effects, it is seen in conversations as it allows the director to shift the focus from character to character. It is also seen when a story is being told, for example flashbacks.



An extreme close up is often used for emphasis on the emotion or mood of the character in the shot. This allows the audience to understand the circumstance, mood or emotion of the character and put themselves in their shoes.
Close ups can also be used in order to drag the audiences attention towards a particular object.





A mid shot is often used to allow the audience to maintain there focus on the main character or object whilst being able to see what is happening behind them so that they are aware of their surroundings without having to shift focus from the characters emotions mood or speech. Mid shots are often effectively used in action or suspense as the director is able to focus on the characters facial expressions and understand something is either happening or about to happen.

Producing our Short documentary:

Production team:

Bruno Morais: 5082
Walid Obad: 5089
Dominic Magli: 5064

Latoya Markson: 5068

Choosing the story:

Before deciding what our documentary would be based on we decided to pitch ideas to the members within our groups and decide what route we should take towards being able to create a professional documentary as well as a documentary that our group would be enthusiastic towards in order to make sure we all contributed to the final piece.

We decided that our documentary should be based on a subject that we had some form of expertise in whether that's within the group or from the characters that we decided to include in filming our documentary. From the four interviews we decided to base our documentary on the London Bus Breh (Isiah Eguagu), a young bus enthusiast (and expert) which would show us his life and rather than tell us where his passion stemmed from.

Shooting the Documentary:

Day 1:

We began shooting the documentary on the 11th of August (2016), where we conducted four interviews with Isiah in order to obtain the best footage possible (rather than using our first take), it also allowed us to practice our interviewing skills in case we decided to re-shoot these scenes to get the best quality possible. Our first day of filming took place at Isiah's house where we would ask him about his passion for buses, where his passion stemmed from and what he finds particularly interesting about buses and bus journeys. This would allow us to not only come up with a planning document that would allow us to mind-map exactly what footage we would need to gather in order to put together a professional documentary including all the codes and conventions and different type of shot we had previously researched and analysed.
After having interviewed Isiah regarding his passion for London buses we continued to plan what footage we needed to add different types of shots, for example an extreme wide shot in order to enhance the professionalism of the documentary. We then made a list of the things we felt should be included in the documentary or should be shot in correlation with the hours of footage we managed to film in the first day.

This is a Nikon Camera which runs at 25 frames per second, on the camera we had a Sony lens along with a shoulder rig and quick release plate attached to the camera in order for us to be able to shoot a variety of shots either free hand, on our shoulder or on a tripod - which allowed us to directly attach the shoulder rig onto which was helpful for any footage we decided to take on the move, as well as this we also had a black magic box which enable us to see what the footage looked like to ensure that the quality remained at a high standard.

This was how the equipment was set up for our first interview, having taken lighting and other factors such as ambiance we decided to shoot in Isiah's kitchen and garden, but in order to get the best sound quality possible we went a step further and attached a microphone for the best quality possible. As you can see we began with a right-to-left interview where Dominic is out the shot.

Group meeting:

After having completed our first day of filming we decided that a group meeting was needed regarding the next steps that we would have to take towards completing our documentary or finish gathering the footage required to start putting together our first draft, which would then enable us to begin getting audience feedback and analyse what footage we feel that isn't good enough or is only satisfactory in order to then go out and re-shoot it. In this video we discuss the types of shots that we should focus on for the documentary (in general).

Day 2:

Filming plan:

For this filming plan we thought it would be a good idea to involve Isiah in the group meeting as we would be discussing not only what we need in terms of shots but we would also provide him with information of what we were aiming to put together in order to make sure that everyone in the team was completely on board with all decisions before going forward without everyones complete co-operation.

Our second filming day took place on the first of October. This was a date that we set as a group where everyone agreed to take initiative in going out and taking full responsibility for our project, meaning we would go out and film what was needed without any guidance or supervision. At this point we had been working on the footage we obtained mid-august and had began to put together our documentary by having watched all our footage picking the best footage possible and putting together a rough edit of what we envisioned the documentary to look like however due to having gone slightly over a month and a half without new footage we decided that we would follow Isiah around through his night routine as well as filming our introduction of the documentary throughout the day (before night-fall).

We managed to begin filming from 12pm where we got our opening shot which was a cutting shot following the bus pull out from the bus stop before shifting the focus to Isiah waiting for his bus
directly across the street.


Having filmed part of the introduction our next step was to have a roof-top filming session, for this we went to St. Johns Wood where we managed to film a time-lapse with Lords Cricket Ground in the background. However this took a couple of attempts, by the time we finished filming our time lapse and cut away shots that would (potentially) be necessary throughout the documentary it was time to join the London Bus Breh on his journey throughout London. We began this journey from 6:30pm and filmed up until 12am, in the space of (roughly) six hours we managed to get most of the remaining shots that were necessary.



The route we decided to take was the 42 towards Tower Bridge where Isiah was able to tell us about the development of the 42 and its route; at the end of the route we were lucky enough to get a shot of Isiah having a friendly conversation with a bus driver, he also gave us permission to shoot an interview with him and include it in our documentary. We ended the night on a light note by taking some footage of Isiah taking bus pictures which he would then blog about - this was an important part of the day as Isiah had previously mentioned his blog and what it took to take quality photos to create a blog on.

HAZAD	WHO IS AT RISK?	CONTROLS	SEVERITY OF INJURY	RISk
Climbing to the Roof of a Residence	Bruno,Walid	Climb Carefully and with precaution	Medium	Breaking a body part
Falling from height	Bruno,Walid	Use suitable footwear+ use barriers and do not cross	Very High	Death
Capturing the Time-Lapse	Bruno,walid	Use a suitable position and placement of camera	Medium	Breaking a body part
Carrying Tripod+ Sony A7S2 around	Bruno,walid	Use a camera strap and fold tripod when not in use	Low	Scratches/Breaking of body part
Capturing Bus shots	Bruno,Walid	Make sure Public is not in reach	Low	low

Day 3:

Organising the third filming day:

Having previously been to Isiah's house the team had taken this into consideration before requesting to film at Isiah's family home again as we didn't want to be intrusive therefore before doing so we made sure that we had a clear plan of what footage was going to be taken in order to make the use of our time and re-shoot any footage that weren't to the standards we wanted and any footage that we were still to film.

In this video we discuss with Isiah whether or not it is possible for us to have another filming day in his home and if it is possible when could we do so as soon as possible, thankfully Isiah was glad to help us with what we thought would be close-to, if not the final footage we required to put together our 5 minute documentary. Having decided to shoot on the 10th of October we now needed to go through what was needed and make sure that Isiah had a clear understanding of this in order to be as time-efficient as possible. Therefore we agreed to re-shoot a few questions from previous interviews at Isiah's house and not only answer a few other questions we had for him but to also show us and the camera exactly what it is that he did and why he had such a passion for it.

Throughout the second filming day we were able to get the best footage possible with the equipment at our disposal and time-restrictions regarding the time-limit of the documentary. The footage we got was of Isiah showing us his routine before leaving to a bus journey, including checking any new notifications of his blogs - as well as interview questions which we had scripted, however due to the fact that Isiah is an expert on the subject we merely gave him a guide as to what we wanted him to mention and allowed him to elaborate on what made him so excited about the London buses, this was a

crucial decision for us as it allowed us to gather natural footage rather than staged, and this is seen in some shots throughout our documentary as you are able to see Isiah having a laugh with the group.
This image shows Isiah conducting research into bus schedules and updates on any buses, this usually means that he'll go out and look for material to blog about if there are any updates on any bus services.


After having looked over our footage we came across a problem with Isiah's glasses, we noticed that
there was a glare due to the glasses, therefore we had to change our set up in order to find a position which got rid of the glare without Isiah having to remove his glasses as we wanted to make sure he was as comfortable as possible when being interviewed; this is partly due to the fact that we wanted his true personality to be shown throughout the documentary hence why we made it one of our objectives to make sure the circumstances of the interviews (and general footage) weren't staged.

Putting together our first draft of our documentary:

We used Premiere Pro to put together our documentary, it is one of the most advanced piece of editing software and we were lucky enough to have it at our disposal. Before beginning our documentary the group felt it was important to familiarise ourselves with the programme so that we were all able to contribute towards editing our final piece, in order to do this we all individually played around with the footage we managed to obtain from our 3 filming days.  After familiarising ourselves with premiere pro we began to work as a group on our first draft of our documentary in order to get audience feedback as soon as possible so that we are on top of what needs to be improved.

Another piece of software that we had available to edit our documentary was iMovie, this is a particularly complicated piece of software that is often used by professional film makers when producing a film or documentary that is longer (than our projects time-limit of roughly 5minutes). Due to the complexity of this piece of software we decided it was important to learn key functions of the programme however we would use Premiere Pro as our main editing tool as we were more comfortable with it. One of the key issues I came across in iMovie was the fact that a file or project can only be exported when the film/documentary maker is completely finished editing the file; also depending on the size of your project it could take a substantial amount of time to export it.

The next step we took towards creating our documentary was to decide what we would use in terms of background music or noise to set the atmosphere of the documentary. To do so we used what we learned from the first year of the course - therefore I used audacity in order to re-record an instrumental we chose rather than having to download it.



This was a instrumental that we chose very carefully considering exactly what mood we wanted to set in the introduction of the documentary. This instrumental allowed us to effectively cut away from scene to scene (including black-screens) in order to set the atmosphere; furthermore we were able to take advantage of the beat drop to add Isiah's voice (intro) as the mood changes from a slightly sinister mood to a day-type of music.

First Draft:

After having (if not almost) gathered all the footage needed to put together our documentary and track that we would use in the background we put together a first draft which would be used for us to then go onto gather audience feedback so that we were able to analyse and better or make sure to include what we thought was necessary from the audience feedback we gather as this is only a minute to get a rough idea of how we envision the documentary to be like when completed.

Audience feedback for the first draft:

Youtube:

Having created the first draft we decided that we should publish it on YouTube and get audience feedback from the comments left on the video, this was an effective method in which we were able to use in order to make changes to the documentary or able to analyse reasons for not having included a certain code and convention of a documentary - taking into consideration that this was only the first minute out of the five minute documentary we would have to create.

Audience Feedback 2.0:

After having taken the comments from YouTube into consideration we made changes that we thought it were appropriate before scheduling a meeting with a bus driver in order to see what he thought of the documentary and get ideas of what he thought it was important to mention; this was useful as we had a second expert for us to ensure we included everything that makes the bus industry what it is today and help us to understand why or how this became such a passion of Isiah's. We took on board these comments before going onto complete our final minute or so of the documentary before completing the final draft.

Our last step towards making final changes to our documentary production was to carefully assess our documentary using the notes from the Chief examiner, this means that we had a clear understanding of what is needed to obtain the most marks possible for the production. This enabled us to assess what was missing and change the documentary accordingly to what the chief examiner commented.

Editing:

This is a screenshot of me learning how to use Premier Pro, in order to do so I put together a draft. I began by importing all the necessary files which are shown on the top left and deciding on what the best footage was and how we would cut several hours of footage down to roughly five-to-six minutes. In order to cut the footage I started off by focusing my attention on the main screen where the footage that is being edited is shown, and using the in-point tool in order to easily choose specific bits of footage which I would either cut or add to the timeline.

Another editing choice was to include relevant images that related to the subject of the conversation between the interviewer and Isiah. We also decided that we would use photos from Isiah's blog to create this cutaway, this further showed how passionate he is for buses - to the point he takes pictures and blogs about them in his free time. 

To make sure that the cutaway scene wasn't boring to the eye we wanted to vary the size of each image and decide whether or not we wanted it to be tilt etc. In order to make these changes we used the solid settings which not only enabled us to change the size of the images but to also fill the background to make it seem as though it were a picture board rather than just a compilation of pictures being shown over the interviewee.

We also decided that we wanted to make the images that we chose pop up one at a time so that the cutaway wouldn't be either boring or two fast, this was a crucial decision because if the cutaway is too short then the audience wont be able to focus or will loose concentration therefore wont understand or appreciate the storyline. In order to make the background a solid colour we used the solid settings, whereas to make the photos appear one at a time I used after effects on premiere pro.

One key criteria to creating our documentary was graphics. Keeping this in mind we decided that we would ask Isaiah to talk about some of his favourite routes or least favourites; including information such as where the route began and ended - in which we would then add a graphic showing a bus going through the route.

We used Adobe After Effects to achieve this graphic, firstly we needed a picture of a bus and the map layer of the route he talks about, the picture of the bus was then layered on top of the map where we were able to use keyframes to create different positions that the bus should move in. This is an important graphic as it allows the audience to visually see what Isiah is talking about which is important considering that not everyone is an expert therefore they wont be able to visualise what he is saying without the graphics.

One issue we came across was that some of our footage was slightly darker than preferred.
In order to fix the issue at hand we decided that we should edit the colour of the footage, to do so we used the three-way colour wheel in effects control. The three-way wheel allowed us to edit the highlight and shadow levels in order to either brighten or darken any footage that needed adjusting.

As you can see from these pictures, we decided to make changes to some of our existing footage, this was due to the fact that Isaiah had been talking about the bus 31, whereas our footage was on the 316. This was a decision we took as a group as we felt that the footage of the 316 was a high-quality shot which would be wasted it wasn't placed in the documentary. 

Therefore in order for us to ensure that the narrative made sense I created a solid element using the after effect tool and a mask using the mask tool, having created an element and mask I was able to cover the '6' and position the mask over the '6'. Once the '6' was covered I had to track the number and insert keyframes in order for the solid element and mask to follow the buses movement, this was so that they didn't move out of place when the bus moved - making it look like a 31 rather than 316.

Another important piece of editing that we had to do was to make sure that the use of cutaways or visuals was used effectively this meant that we had to make sure that they weren't either too abrupt or they weren't long enough which we thought would lead to the loss of  d concentration from the audience and confusion as to what was being shown if not given enough time to take in the information. This meant that we had to create a Bridge which allowed our documentary to run without sharp transitions making it much smoother. Although being a minor change you are able to see throughout the documentary the difference that it makes.

Another issue we picked up in our interviews is that Isaiah used terms when speaking about bus services, this took nothing away from the footage, however keeping our audience in mind we had to add some form of annotation explaining what these terms mean in order for them to understand what he's talking about. Therefore we decided to add a bit of text showing what the abbreviations meant. It was important to make the font casual as well as professional in order to maintain the same formality throughout the entire documentary, another thing we had to keep in mind was the size of the font as it had to be visible enough for it to be read with ease, without taking the attention away from Isaiah and what was being said.

Another important editing decision we had to make was to find an appropriate achieve to insert in order to make sure we included the most important codes and conventions of a tv documentary. This particular bit of footage is of an estate which Isaiah speaks about regarding the diversity of cultures and ethnicities you find throughout the city.

Our Final Documentary:

Research and editing of Newspaper advert:

Research:

When researching Tv documentaries and news advertisement we had to be specific in terms of looking for the right guide to creating our own, this meant that we had to be able to distinguish the difference in TV Documentary and Film Documentary, despite essentially being very similar in terms of the production of the movie itself and the advert. However despite being very few difference between the two we decided that we would make sure that our advert would be fit for a TV documentary and not a Film.

My first example of a TV Documentary Poster.

My first example of a Film Documentary Poster.

As you can see from the two advertisement posters, there differences that must be considered when creating a advertisement poster for a TV Documentary. One of these differences is the fact that in a Film Documentary you often see reviews and Awards, whereas in a TV Documentary this is not seen, as you can see from 'China's Stolen Children' it is less busy and contains less information - focusing on the essentials such as air day, date and time along with where it is shown and a relevant image (as it also is for film posters).

My second example of a TV Documentary poster.

My second example of a Film Documentary poster.

The next two example I picked out were crucial this is because despite having a TV and Film documentary you are able to see that there is less difference between the two, whereas in the first you are easily able to dissect the posters and pick-out the difference between the two. However, in contrast to the first two posters, you are able to see that despite being a Film Documentary it has not got reviews or a thumbnail, almost like a TV Documentary it only reveals the Director, the release date and a slogan/phrase to catch the audiences' attention.

Ancillary task:

The task at had was to create a newspaper advert for our documentary, it had to include the air date and what channel it would be shown also it had to be able to capture the readers attention and make it as interesting as possible to attract an audience. In terms of coming up with an idea, we wanted to make it as personal as possible to Isaiah with the main topic of the documentary at hand whilst making sure that it was not too revealing in order to make the audience intrigued. As for the idea itself we decided that we would have an up close image of Isiah with a bus behind him which makes sense as to the title 'The London Bus Breh" however we thought that would be boring therefore we got inspiration from 'Prison Break" this meant that we could replace Michael Scofield's tattoos with a map of bus routes and apply that to Isaiah. 

Editing:

In order to test the idea that we had come up with we decided to get an ideal image that was similar to what we had in mind in terms of shooting our own photo of Isaiah for the advert with enough background space for there to be a moving bus without dragging attention away from Isaiah (Gerrard Butler). Having picked the right image and placed it onto a plain white background we began to edit in the layers and that image itself to make it seem natural rather than edited layers.

Our next task was to change the opacity of the image through the toolbar this would enable us to blur the edges of the image, this is necessary for our idea to work as it would help us to create the illusion or effect of the moving bus in the background, also the blurriness would mean that in our next step - adding the veins/routes the would fade around the edges to make them seem natural.

The third step to testing our idea was to get a screenshot of bus route and import it into photoshop, once in photoshop we created a new layer which would on cover our model rather than any of the background - including the moving bus. In order to do this we had to be very specific in terms of the placement of the map as it had to cover the area of his skin in a way in which we were then able to create a symmetrical pattern.

In order to create the symmetrical pattern we had to flip the same image of the bus route map we decided to use and place it so that it reflected the same image on both sides of his face as he human features do this would give it a more professional approach to the idea and make it a higher quality piece of work.

The next step to making sure that our test/trial was complete was to use the rubber tool, this would enable us to remove any area of the map that we didn't want or need to be shown, for example, the collar of our model as our intention was for the veins to only cover his skin as though they were natural and embedded into him.

This is the end result of our experimentation, from our result we decided that the idea worked just as well as expected and decided that we would use it with Isaiah, however before going through with it we came to the conclusion that we were not ready to go onto editing our final poster this was due to the fact we had not taken into account Isiah's complexion and so we would have to test it out to see if it was as clear and if it would work just as well - although this would take up more of our time we decided it was still the best option as we would have to do a photo-shoot with Isaiah regardless and therefore it would be better to make sure of exactly what we needed before going any further.

Having gone through the same process with a different model - one with a complexion that is similar to Isiah's we came to the conclusion that the idea would work on either complexion, therefore our next step was to begin the process with Isaiah meaning setting up the photo-shoot to get a forward shot of Isaiah such as the one of Gerrard Butler and Kevin Hart.

As For the Photo-shoot:

Having tested the idea on  a different image with different complexions we decided that it would work just as well on Isaiah therefore we organised a photo-shoot that would take place in school, with the intention of having Isaiah in a suit to look as sharp as the first edit of our newspaper advert.
Having set up the photo-shoot in school gave us access to the studio used for drama this meant that we were able to adjust the lighting and create a spotlight on Isaiah as we wanted to get the best results from the photo-shoot - meaning the best quality picture with the perfect skin tone as we decided that we didn't want to edit the image, also we had to take into consideration that the newspaper advert was something that had to catch attention therefore the details such as the veins disguised as the map routes would have to be easily displayed to catch the audiences attention hence why the photo-shoot was incredibly important.




This video shows our set-up in terms of putting Isaiah in the spotlight as the lighting was a crucial part of the photo-shoot in order to ensure that we obtained a high-quality picture with a lighter skin complexion so that we didn't have to edit the picture before placing the map routes onto a new layer. However, we came across a few problems which you are unable to see in the video - we only came across these problems when it came to editing. One of these problems was that Isaiah's hairline was hard to create a cut-out around and therefore hard to separate the background to place his picture over the moving bus. Another issue we came across was that despite Isaiah being in his school uniform it didn't look as sharp as we hoped for it to be, therefore we would have to find a way around fixing that through editing decisions; an editing decision that we had an idea to use was to use Gerrard Butler's body onto Isiah's head.

This is the shot that we decided to use after having the photo-shoot with Isaiah, this was the lightest and raw image that we captured and it was also the closest that we had to the previous edit of Kevin Hart - so we knew that it would work perfectly.
From this image you are able to see the difficulty that we would face in terms of editing the news advert, his head and hair line; this is because it would be difficult to not only cut him but to also fit in the map routes without overlapping his hair for the most professional outcome possible.
Also we took into consideration the glare that would have possibly shown from the flash when picking the image and that his glasses were part of his personality, therefore it shouldn't be taken out.

This screenshot shows the next step we took towards editing the newspaper advert, we decided that we wanted Isaiah to look as sharp as possible, therefore we edited his head on Gerrard Butler's body. However this is when our first major problem came into play - we struggled to cut out Isaiah's  head accurately so that no background was being shown. In order to overcome the problem we felt it was necessary to first make sure that his neck was placed perfectly with the collar and that it would seem as though he was actually wearing the suit before shifting our focus to the background. Once having perfectly placed his head on the body we felt that the best way in which we could remove the background without making it seem forced or edited to seem as professional as possible was to again use the 'rubber' tool to remove the background when zoomed in by over x300. In addition to this we decided that the dark background behind Isaiah would make a huge difference in terms of hiding any residue of the background.

This image is a close up of Isaiah's face, we took attention to detail one step further in this part of the editing process. Asides from carefully placing the map route using the same tools as we had done in the previous advert drafts, we had to use the rubber tool to really focus on removing unneeded parts of the map route and the background (of course); we started off by removing the map routes from Isaiah's glasses, lips and ears as it would no longer appear as though it were naturally embedded into his skin due to the fact that it wouldn't appear to be wrapped on his skin - especially for the glasses which are an accessory. Next, we made sure to have the areas of his eyes completely clean meaning no map route showing, however as we were satisfied with the placement of the routes we decided that it was a better idea to remove any parts of the map that overlapped with the space of his eyes - this was done for several reasons; one being that for those who are closely looking at the newspaper advert wouldn't know what part of the map or route was missing whereas Isaiah would be able to know and accurately point out what is missing from the routes demonstrating his expertise once again. The main piece of editing that is done in this particular image is a subtle yet interesting idea that we had from the phrase 'you can tell a lot by looking into somebody's eyes' that his eyes should have something that relates to buses in the reflection of his eyes in order to do this we took inspiration from the film 'Limitless' this is a film with the main plot being that a pill will allow one to use 100% of their brains ability and throughout the film you are able to see close up's of the main characters eyes when he is thinking with flashing images and therefore we decided that we would put the bus number '332' in his eyes to make the advert a slight bit more intriguing.

After having finished editing Isiah's face we had to shift our attention to the other features of a newspaper advert, this included thumbnails and the overall style of the advertisement making sure that every last detail was perfect including the font, the size of the font and even the colour of the font. Before carrying on we picked up on one issue regarding our progress so far - the picture which we decided to use for the background did not the fit the frame and therefore you could see the divide between that and the background (towards the area of the text). However, it was an easy fix by changing the exposure and contrast of the image of the bus to the point where the night sky faded into a pain black ground enabling us to make it professional as well as leaving the perfect space for the title of the project.

The next part of editing our news advert was to decide what font we would use to title the poster, having tumbled across the font you are able to see we thought that it had some sort of resemblance to the font displayed on the buses when the bus is either stopping or showing its destination on the LED screen.

Having come across this resemblance we decided that we would try to find an application of some sort that enabled us to write using the exact same font as buses do for the best outcome possible.

We found Font2U it allowed us to not only personalise the text so that it matched the same font displayed on LED screens inside buses.

This was an idea that we thought fit into context and looked just as much professional as casual enough to fit the main character  - including his age as much as his personality which we try to incorporate throughout the documentary.

An example of how the title could look when we placed it onto the black background - (unfinished).

This screenshot shows us using after effects to edit the colour of the title; we decided that we would use the same colour as the LLED display on buses , this is due to the fact that it would not only make more sense but would also stand out more on the background. The fact that editing the colour of the font would improve the way in which it stood out to readers is important as it should attract their attention straight away as the orange does.











This shows two screenshot of us gathering information that is typacal in creating the thumbnail, including an universal logo as well as the school logo to represent our production team. However this was ot enough to create the thumbnail, just like a documentary the thumbnail has requirements much like codes and conventions, some of these requirements include the production team, those starring in the documentary, date of release and where it will be shown.

This is the result of our first attempt to make a professional thumbnail for our documentary. However, after having completed it we realised that 'universal' was a film company (studio) and therefore it would not fit in with our task as we are required to create a tv documentary. Another key issue that we had with our first draft is that it does not include the place in which it will be aired.

This is our second draft of the newspaper advert -(the first of Isaiah), we were able to learn a lot from this draft. Firstly, we learned that in order to make it seem professional certain editing decisions had to be made such as focusing on the smallest details such as the contrast of the background through to the thumbnail of the poster (advert). Also, we learned that there are changes needed to be made in order to make these same details appropriate to the task at hand, for example, the thumbnail - it must include where it will be aired and what time.

After having researched deeper into the genre of documentary and the different types of documentary we decided that we had been taking a wrong or different approach to the creation of the advertisement poster, this is because one of the key differences we learned it that for a TV Documentary and not a Film there was a huge difference in the thumbnail, meaning that we had to adapt our own to fit the purpose. This meant removing any detail as the film maker and other irrelevant information previously recorded such as "The best documentary of 2017"; and replacing it with the ITV2 logo, the air date and time. This made it seem not only neater and less busy but also fit for purpose.

However we still felt as though changes should be made to our advertisement, such as minor details, e.g the 'ITV' logo had to be changed from blue to orange in order to make it colour coded - like other documentaries that are aired and advertised on and by ITV. The last few touches were to be more specific as to the release date, including which day of the week it was going to be shown and making minor touches such as placing wheels and exhaust on the 'ITV' logo which you are able to see in the final news advert.

The Final Poster:

Our final poster.

Radio Advert:

Creating our Radio advert:

From my research into radio adverts in the first (AS) half of the course I was able to learn from Carole Fleming's Radio Handbook how to create a a radio script, this came in handy for the last third of our production. From my previous knowledge of how to create a script for a radio broadcast I was able to use to this to perfect the timings of the Radio advert which would not only help us achieve the best result when recording the voice in which we would be using - but, also when editing the background music, SFX and sound extracts that we would include from the documentary itself as we would need to know information such as timing when creating our soundtrack.

Our Script:

This was the script we came up with, the text bellow the script tells you why certain decisions were made. In order to get feedback on our script, before beginning the recording session we got into contact with Glen Richards, he would give us his opinions and let us know whether or not anything needed to be changed in order to improve it. He was able to pick up on precise parts of the script that he thought was not as effective or that shouldn't be on the radio advert; he picked up on the phrase "begin to understand where his devotion comes from" he commented that it was not effective, or engaging and therefore should not be included.

Creating the soundtrack:

In order to create the soundtrack I used 'GarageBand' this allowed me to use both instruments and loops to create a soundtrack from scratch which would suit the purpose for the radio advert and make it exciting to listen to, however I would also import the voice in which we would use for the radio advert in order to perfect the timings and include both the voice, sound extracts from the finished documentary and the SFX's.

This screenshot shows me importing and adjusting the track that I imported consisting the recording that we would use for the radio advert. After having adjusted the track I imported I had to crop any spaces that I thought was unneeded as before completing the radio advert I still have to add sound extracts from the finished documentary.




In this screenshot you can also see the loops menu, we used this in order to create the soundtrack with combinations of Flutes, Horns, Tambourines and other jingles. It allowed us to create a soundtrack that we thought was suitable for advertisement purposes, this meant that it had to be exciting and also sound revealing as it is showing the launch of the documentary.

This shows the extract that we added from the documentary into the advertisement as we learned from further research that this was much like a code and convention of radio advertisements. You are also able to see that we are using the controls menu in order to edit the volume of the tracks as we felt that the extract and sound effects were being drowned out by the soundtrack.

This shows us having used 'freesound' in order to download relevant sound effects which we would include in the radio advert; we were able to get sound effects of the bus pulling up to the bus stop as well as leaving it which we decided to include at the beginning and end of the radio advert, this was effective as it made the documentary more interesting as theres a diversity of sound rather than just the soundtrack on loop.

This shows the finished radio advert which we then used 'Audacity' to record internally at an appropriate (sound) level to make sure that it was not peaking nor was it too low - especially the voices; considering the fact that our narrator is almost whispering for effect throughout the advert.

This is a screenshot of our finished radio advert on 'audacity' after having internally recorded it from garageband.

Finished Radio Advert:

Evaluation questions:

1. In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

2. How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary texts?

3. What have you learned from the audience feedback?

4. How did you use media technologies in the construction and research, planning and evaluation stages?

Evaulation Question 4 from Dominic Magli